Relative Pronouns
Relative
pronouns adalah kata ganti yang menunjuk pada kata benda yang
mendahuluinya (antecedent) yang
berfungsi sebagai penghubung dalam kalimat. Relative pronouns biasa diletakkan di awal subordinate clause atau anak kalimat
yang menunjukkan relasi terhadap keseluruhan kalimat.
Kata ganti yang digunakan adalah: who, whom, whose, which, dan that.
Kata ganti yang digunakan adalah: who, whom, whose, which, dan that.
Who (subject) and whom (object) are
generally only for people. Whose is for possession. Which is for
things. That can be used for people** and things and as subject and
object in defining relative clauses (clauses that are essential to the sentence
and do not simply add extra information).
Example:
- The man who is sitting in the corner is my friend.
- The boy whom we visited is her boyfriend.
- The girl whose car was sold will go to study abroad.
- The filing cabinet, which we purchase last week, is very well built.
- The book that describes about behaviour of animal is expensive.
Kata who, whom, whose, which, dan that pada contoh di atas mengacu pada kata sebelumnya (the man, the boy, the girl, the filling cabinet, the book).
Perluasan relative pronouns dengan kata ganti seperti whoever, whomever, whatever dikenal sebagai indefinite relative pronouns.
Contoh:
- The boy will tease whomever he likes.
- She said whatever came to mind.
- Let in whoever comes to me.
Kata what juga dapat digunakan sebagai indefinite relative pronouns, contoh:
- I will tell you what you need to know.
Example:
- The man who is sitting in the corner is my friend.
- The boy whom we visited is her boyfriend.
- The girl whose car was sold will go to study abroad.
- The filing cabinet, which we purchase last week, is very well built.
- The book that describes about behaviour of animal is expensive.
Kata who, whom, whose, which, dan that pada contoh di atas mengacu pada kata sebelumnya (the man, the boy, the girl, the filling cabinet, the book).
Perluasan relative pronouns dengan kata ganti seperti whoever, whomever, whatever dikenal sebagai indefinite relative pronouns.
Contoh:
- The boy will tease whomever he likes.
- She said whatever came to mind.
- Let in whoever comes to me.
Kata what juga dapat digunakan sebagai indefinite relative pronouns, contoh:
- I will tell you what you need to know.
Referring to people: Who, Whom, Whoever, Whomever
These pronouns take a different case depending on whether the relative pronoun is a subject or an object in the dependent clause.
These pronouns take a different case depending on whether the relative pronoun is a subject or an object in the dependent clause.
1.
Subjective case
Use the subjective case when these relative pronouns are the subject (initiating the action) of the dependent clause: Who, Whoever
Use the subjective case when these relative pronouns are the subject (initiating the action) of the dependent clause: Who, Whoever
For example:
§
Negotiations were not going smoothly between the
two leaders, who made no bones about not liking each other.
* "Who" relates back to the noun "leaders" and is the subject of the dependent clause and the verb "made".
* "Who" relates back to the noun "leaders" and is the subject of the dependent clause and the verb "made".
§
Most workers, whoever was not
employed by the auto manufacturer, toiled at one of the millions of little
minnow companies.
* "Whoever" relates back to the noun "workers" and is the subject of the dependent clause and the verb "was employed".
* "Whoever" relates back to the noun "workers" and is the subject of the dependent clause and the verb "was employed".
- Objective
case
Use the objective case when these relative pronouns are the object (receiving the action) of the dependent clause: Whom, Whomever
For example:
- This
is the approach taken by journalists, whom some consider
to be objective.
* "Whom" relates back to the noun "journalists" and is the object of the verb "consider". The subject of the dependent clause is "some".
- The
three representatives, whomever the committee chooses, should
be at the meeting tomorrow.
* "Whomever" relates back to the noun representatives and is the object of the verb "chooses". The subject of the dependent clause is "Committee".
Referring to a place, thing or idea: Which, That
When using relative pronouns for places, things or ideas, rather than determining case, the writer must decide whether the information in the dependent clause is essential to the meaning of the independent clause or simply additional information.
When using relative pronouns for places, things or ideas, rather than determining case, the writer must decide whether the information in the dependent clause is essential to the meaning of the independent clause or simply additional information.
When information is critical to the understanding of the
main clause, use That as
the appropriate relative pronoun and do not set the information off by commas.
For example:
·
Russian generals have delivered a message that
is difficult to ignore.
* "That" relates back to the noun "message" and is necessary for the reader to know what "message" the sentence is about.
* "That" relates back to the noun "message" and is necessary for the reader to know what "message" the sentence is about.
·
There is another factor that obviously
boosts the reputation of both of these men.
* "That" relates back to the noun "factor" and is necessary for the reader to know what "factor" the sentence is about.
* "That" relates back to the noun "factor" and is necessary for the reader to know what "factor" the sentence is about.
When information is not critical to the understanding of
the main clause, use "Which"
as the appropriate relative pronoun and set the information off by commas.
For example:
· The
toughest intramural fight of all for Clinton
was the North American Free Trade Agreement, which he
undertook a full year before the 1994 election.* "Which"
relates back to the noun "agreement" and the information following it
is not necessary for the reader to know what "agreement" the sentence
is about.
· Clinton refused to head
toward the center on affirmative action and abortion, which are
the two most sacred issues to the traditional liberal wing of the party.
* "Wich" relates back to the noun "affirmative action and abortion" and the information following it is not necessary for the reader to know what "affirmative action and abortion" the sentence is about.
* "Wich" relates back to the noun "affirmative action and abortion" and the information following it is not necessary for the reader to know what "affirmative action and abortion" the sentence is about.
When referring to more than one place, thing or idea use these relative
pronouns: Whatever, Whichever
For example:
· The
three approaches, whichever works is fine, produce a more
ambiguous picture of a man.
* "Whichever" relates to the noun "approaches" and the information contained within the commas is additional, not critical information.
* "Whichever" relates to the noun "approaches" and the information contained within the commas is additional, not critical information.
· Any
excessive profits, whatever exceeded accepted limits, would
attract the notice of representatives.
* "Whatever" relates to the noun "profits" and the information contained within the commas is additional, not critical information.
* "Whatever" relates to the noun "profits" and the information contained within the commas is additional, not critical information.
ENGLISH LANGUAGE
NAMA KELOMPOK :
- FIKRI CATUR NUGRAHA (12111856)
- HERU ADIPRAJA (13111356)
- IMAM MAULANA MARSIS (13111522)
- JEFFRY HERMAWAN (13111799)
- MARTAHAI SAHATA SITUMORANG (14111324)